Although compression stockings have long been recognized as a physiologically significant tool for the promotion of venous return from the lower extremity, the role of nonprescription, commercially available support hose has not been assessed in this regard. The present study involved 100 consecutive women with no known prior history of vascular disease, who responded to an advertisement for free evaluation of the venous status of their legs. The subjects, all of whom wore commercial support hose routinely, were screened for the presence of venous disease by means of Doppler ultrasonography, phleborheography, and a detailed history focusing on risk factors and unrecognized symptoms of venous disease. Photoplethysmography (PPG) was then used to evaluate the efficiency of venous return from the lower extremity with and without the support hose in place. Worsening of PPG results occurred in 43% of the women with commercial stockings in place, whereas 23% improved and 34% showed no change. Women 50 years of age and older had a somewhat higher tendency toward poorer PPG results while wearing the support hose. Furthermore, measurements in women who showed evidence of venous disease by an abnormality in one or more of the screening tests were significantly different from the overall group (p = 0.025): 61% exhibited worsening of PPG results when wearing stockings, only 14% showed improvement, and 25% were unchanged. These results suggest that the use of a commercial support hose may be particularly deleterious to older women and is contraindicated in those with evidence of venous disease in the lower extremity.
After seeing Kalamazoo full of grad students dressed like MLA clones, I'm glad to do my part to keep more of a Betsey Johnson vibe alive in the increasingly Armani world of academia. I'm proud I was hired wearing my Docs and not pantyhose. No one in the department batted an eye when my hair changed to candy-apple red and then to lavender. Then again, sartorial eccentricities may matter less when you out-publish most of your department.
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I lived in Morocco for a few years. Granted Casablanca is a big city and not particularly representative of each little hamlet, but even in Casa one can see women wearing all manner of clothing from a full on niqab with gloves and face veil to a mini skirt and halter top. The official religion is Islam and 98% of the people living there follow it.
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